Well, after some further digging, I finally found the answer to fix my problem:
* Leave the domain.
* Run /usr/sbin/services.sh restart
* Rejoin domain.
If that does not work by itself, then do this step one more time:
* Run /usr/sbin/services.sh restart
Just so that I can give credit where credit is due, I was able to find the answer at http://community.spiceworks.com/topic/588877-vmware-esxi-5-5-won-t-show-ad-users